Programming language paradigms

Interpreted

• The core functionalities are usually shells over C libraries

• Examples

• Python
• Ruby
• Javascript
• PHP

Compiled

• The core functionalities are written using its own language

• Examples

• C
• C++
• Rust
• Java
• Go

Procedural

• List of instructions to be executed
• C, Unix shell

Declarative

• Describe the problem to be solved
• The underlying engine will decide what procedures are going to be run according to what you declared
• SQL

Object-oriented

• Objects that have internal state
• Provide methods that query or modify this internal state
• Java, Smalltalk (mandatory)
• C++, Python (optional)

Functional

• Decompose problems into a set of functions
• Deterministic: same inputs equal to same inputs always
• Side effects: action that modifies the internal state (e.g., change object) or any external state (e.g., write to database)
• Pure function: deterministic & no side effects
• Pure functions are encouraged in functional programming