pip

• It's not advisable to install system-wide packages via pip (its other packaging system's responsibility, e.g., brew, pacman, apt)
• pip is not a OS packaging system, but rather meant to be used on python virtual environments
• Python packages: https://pypi.org/

# Python comes with an ensurepip module, which can install pip in a Python environment.
python -m ensurepip --upgrade

Modules directories

• Root: /usr/lib/python3.13/site-packages/ and /usr/bin/
• Non-root:~/.local/lib/python3.13/site-packages/ and ~/.local/bin/
• Venv: <venv>/lib/python3.13/site-packages/ and <venv>/bin

Provides-Extra

• Some packages provide sets of extra packages, examples:
• fastapi[standard], fastapi[standard-no-fastapi-cloud-cli], etc
• If you install it this way, pip will additionally install other extra packages for you

requirements.txt

• Defines exact versions for your environment needs
• Pinning exact versions ensures reproducibility

pip install -r requirements.txt

pyproject.toml

• Package metadata and lists dependencies that will be installed when other users use your package (when they install it via pip)
• Does not include dev dependencies (e.g., pytest)

pip install .