commit

• Create a commit including the file changes
• Create a new tree object
• Create new blob objects (if it is needed/not present)
• The first first commit is called root commit
• Commit object also have a hash number

• Commit is a wrapper around a specific tree object

• Example commit object content

tree a8a1a18475a2f51b278b7a384e91152a7e4a1302
parent 0fda841818ae2217bb22f37fe758877e9a8291ff
author Henrique Vitoi <[email protected]> 1610246726 -0300
committer Henrique Vitoi <[email protected]> 1610246726 -0300

Second commit

• Time in commit is formatted in Unix timestamp (1 Jan 1970 - Unix epoch) + timezone
• Parent is the hash of the previous commit

# Commit files with a message
git commit -m "description"
git commit -m "description" --allow-empty # empty commit

# Commit all files currently in the working directory
git commit -a -m "description"

Amend

• Amend modifies the very last commit
• A new commit is created and the other one is garbage collected

# Modify author
git commit --amend --author="Mike Githubber <[email protected]>" # change author

# Modify message
got commit --amend -m "New message because the last one was wrong"

# Add new files to the last commit
git add .
git commit --amend --no-edit